The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired twice late to take a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.